Finally, we observed a subset of TCRγδ + thymocytes that were cycling late during their development in the thymus. We also observed that the porcine IL-2Rα (CD25), a typical differentiation marker of pre-T cells in mice and humans, was not expressed on thymocyte precursors in pigs and could only be found on mature thymocytes. Surface immunophenotyping and cell cycle analysis of thymocyte subsets allowed us to compare thymocyte differentiation in pigs with that described for rodents and humans and to propose a model for T cell lymphopoiesis in swine. Therefore, we conclude that the embryonic thymus is colonized by at least two successive waves of hemopoietic progenitors during embryogenesis and that the influx of thymocyte progenitors is discontinuous. This delivery gap corresponds with the expression of the pan-leukocyte CD45 and pan-myelomonocytic SWC3a markers in fetal liver and bone marrow and is probably caused by shifting of primary lymphopoiesis between these organs. Thereafter, we observed transient changes in thymocyte subset composition (DG56-DG74), which can be explained by a gap in pro-T cell delivery to the thymus. Mature CD3ε high αβ thymocytes were observed 15 days later (DG55), and their occurrence was preceded by the appearance of CD3ε low thymocytes (DG45). These early thymocytes were CD3ε high and belonged to the γδ T cell lineage. In swine, we show that the first CD3ε-bearing thymocytes appear on day 40 of gestation (DG40). Lei et al., 2009, Mass spectrometric detection of marker peptides in tryptic digests of gelatin: A new method to differentiate between bovine and porcine gelatin, Food Hydrocolloids, 23, 2001-2007.Successive colonization of the thymus by waves of thymocyte progenitors has been described in chicken-quail chimeras and suggested from studies in mice. Su, 2008, Identification of marker peptides in digested gelatins by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, Chin. Levieux, 2005, Differentiation of gelatins using polyclonal antibodies raised against tyrosylated bovine and porcine gelatins, J. Snyder et al., 1987, Practical HPLC Method Development 2nd Edition, Wiley Interscience, New York ![]() Gareis, 2007, Gelatine Handbook: Theory and Industrial Practice, Wiley-VCH, Germany. Inouye, 1996, Food allergy to gelatin in children with systemic immediate-type reactions, including anaphylaxis, to vaccines, J. Erwanto, 2012, Differentiation of lard and other animal fats based on triacylglycerols composition and principal component analysis, Int. Che Man, 2012, Analytical methods for gelatin differentiation from bovine and porcine origins and food products, J. Sabzevari, 2004, Differentiation of bovine and porcine gelatins using principal component analysis, J. Chaudry, 2004, Halal food production, CRC Press, USA Miller, 2005, Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. Ismail, 2010, Use of the SAW sensor electronic nose for detecting the adulteration of virgin coconut oil with RBD palm kernel olein, J. Bhat, 2009, Fish gelatin: Properties, challenges and prospects as an alternative to mammalian gelatins, Food Hydrocolloids, 23, 563-576. ![]() Bhat, 2008, Gelatin alternatives for the food industry: Recent developments, challenges and prospects, Trends Food Sci. Liu, 2003, Effects of gelatins on calcium phosphate precipitation: A possible application for distinguishing bovine bone gelatin from porcine skin gelatin, J. Syahariza, 2010, Potential use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for differentiation of bovine and porcine gelatins, Food Chem., 118, 856-860. Gelatin Handbook, USA: Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America Hashim, D.M., Y.B.C. Senyuva, 2012, Detection of porcine DNA in gelatine and gelatine-containing processed food products-Halal/Kosher authentication, Meat Sci., 90, 686-689. Lively, 2012, Realtime PCR assays for detection and quantitation of porcine and bovine DNA in gelatin mixtures and gelatin capsules, J.Ĭserhati, T., 2010, Data evaluation in chromatography by principal component analysis. 60, Elsevier Academic Press, New YorkĬai, H., X. Regenstein, 2010, Fish Gelatin, In: Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Taylor, S.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |